Reader Study 🧑‍⚕️👩‍⚕️¶

The LUNA25: Reader Study is introduced to evaluate the performance of radiologists at lung nodule malignancy risk estimation on low-dose chest CT. The readers will evaluate a subset of cases from the hidden testing cohort. Given a low-dose chest CT scan, clinical information of the patient (age, gender), and volume and equivalent diameter of the lung nodule, readers will be asked to provide the following:

1. A malignancy risk score between 0 and 100 (with incremental steps of 1). A risk score of 0 indicates very low risk of malignancy and a risk score of 100 indicates a very high risk of malignancy.

2. A management recommendation, categorizing nodules into three risk classes: low, intermediate, or high risk. These classes correspond to: low risk (return to regular screening), intermediate risk (short-term follow-up), and high risk (immediate follow-up, such as referral to a pulmonologist or PET/CT scan).

Disclaimer(s): All readers will have consented to reserve their reading experience and findings (e.g. verbally or via screenshots) from all individuals and entities (e.g. other readers or lung-AI developers), with the exception of the LUNA25 organization team (if needed).

Radiologists¶

The reader study was concluded at 19 September 2025. In total, 75 readers completed the assessment of 300 cases. The table below describes the radiologists who have completed the LUNA25 Reader study.